A brief note on some basic defined terms on quantitative research methods
1a. Construct: an idea containing conceptual elements; not based on empirical evidence
1b. An unobservable construct is an abstract, theoretical concept that cannot be measured directly
1.c In philosophy, a universal is an abstract quality or concept that can be shared by many individual things known as particulars.
2. Operationalization: the process of converting an abstract concept into measurable observation
3a. Variable: an element liable to vary
3b. In correlation analysis, independent variable (x) & dependent variable (y),
e.g. y = a +bx
4a.Hypothesis: a supposition made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
4b. A valid hypothesis: a clear, testable & falsifiable proposed explanation for a phenomenon that is grounded in previous knowledge
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