Steps for producing a management-concerns diagram

Steps for producing a management-concerns diagram:

Step 1: Identify a number of variables and factors directly and indirectly related to a set of management concerns and issues of a client system.

Step 2: Locate them into the three zones of environmental drivers, organization capabilities and outcomes/ solutions.

Step 3: Link them up to make up a plausible scenario that at the same time reflects the soft complexity of the set of management concerns/ issues under review. [Management issues are those that the management of the client organization is unhappy or excited about, yet not strongly feeling that they need to be addressed in the near future; management concerns are same as management issues except that the management strongly feel that they need to be addressed in the near future.]

Step 4: Clearly identify the variables of management concerns and issues in the diagram.

Step: 5: Review the management-concerns diagram to see if it provides the appropriate basis of your dissertation project justification.

Class exercise: construct a management-concerns diagram with the following variables:

1. Marketplace is becoming more competitive
2. Business environment is getting tough due to trade war
3. Quite a number of key senior technical staff will retire soon
4. Organizational culture is defensive and conservative
5. Weak managerial capability to recruit and retain employees
6. Weak organizational innovation capability
7. Low staff morale
8. Weak managerial leadership at the top level
9. High staff turnover at the operational level
10. Infrequent introduction of new products
11. Not clear how to figure out a business diversification strategy
12. Continuous sales revenue decline over the last 3 years
13. Working environment is stressful and error-prone

Offering concrete academic ideas in the construction of ALRA theoretical frameworks

When offering academic ideas in the construction of ALRA theoretical frameworks, you need to provide concrete academic ideas, and not simply a management subject. For example, when you are providing academic ideas for a theoretical framework component on "evaluating the present strategic change efforts of ABC Ltd", your academic idea could be "top management team characteristics" influence, and not simply "strategic change theory". The former academic idea is much more concrete than the latter one.

The following extract of an academic article provides further clarification on this topic and the example on strategic change.

Another example is that when your theoretical framework component is  "To evaluate the marketing capability of ABC Ltd", your academic idea could be the marketing capability notion of Shin and Aiken (2012) [more concrete], instead of simply marketing theory [too broad]. See extract as follows:

Make sure that all your academic ideas incorporated into your Agile Literature Review Approach theoretical framework are supported by your study note on literature review, so that your academic ideas can be traced to specific academic journal articles. 

Finally, you need to justify in your dissertation report that your chosen academic ideas are useful for you to perform your theoretical framework component task.

Guidelines for producing theoretical framework level 1b

The guidelines for producing theoretical framework level 1b are as follows:

Theoretical framework 1b makes use of the academic ideas in theoretical framework 1a to produce research tasks. Because research tasks are in the form of a sentence, it is not quite feasible to produce it in the form of a diagram. In this case, just list the theoretical components (with labels) and provide the list of research tasks per component is quite appropriate. The list format goes something likes this:

E.g.

Component X: to evaluate XXXXX(e.g., Component 3: to evaluate the innovation capability of ABC Ltd.)
Research task 3.1
Research task 3.2
Research task 3.3
.....



Theoretical framework level 1b is concisely described as theoretical framework level 0 + research tasks

______________________________________________________

The following note illustrates what is an academic idea and its corresponding research task:

"Leadership theories abound in the literature. One management principle is that managers should coach their subordinates as well as assess them (Wong and Li, 2015). Given guidance, the leadership styles of managers can greatly influence employees’ behavior (Lin et al., 2010; Li and Sun, 2015). Two dimensions of leadership are recognized by the Ohio School of Management Leadership, which are leader consideration and leader initiating structure. Leader initiating structure is bound up with how a supervisor coaches service staff. Leader consideration refers to the degree to which supervisors create an atmosphere of support and show their concern for the subordinates’ well-being (Bass and Stogdill, 1981; Judge et al., 2004; Kerr et al., 1974; Lin et al., 2014)"; [Lishan Xie, Yaoqi Li, Sheng-Hsiang Chen, Tzung-Cheng Huan, (2016) "Triad theory of hotel managerial leadership, employee brand-building behavior, and guest images of luxury-hotel brands", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 28 Issue: 9, pp.1826-1847, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2015-0004.]

Key words: leader consideration and initiating structure

Research tasks: To learn perception of how existing managerial leadership quality in terms of leader consideration and initiating structure affect employees' and organizational performance [by unstructured interview and questionnaire survey on company staff].

In this example, "leader consideration and initiating structure" is an academic idea while "To learn perception of how existing managerial leadership quality in terms of leader consideration and initiating structure affect employees' and organizational performance [by unstructured interview and questionnaire survey on company staff]" is its corresponding research task. 

The specification of research method {i.e. [by unstructured interview and questionnaire survey on company staff]} in the research task is optional.

Terminology used in theoretical framework level-1c in the Agile Literature Review Approach:

Terminology used in theoretical framework level-1c in the Agile Literature Review Approach:

The terms used are: 

1. Zones (zone 1: environmental drivers; zone 2: organizational capabilities; zone 3: outcomes/ solutions)
2. Components (make sure to include component numbers)
3. Component labels
4. Core-focus domain
5. Links (between components)
6. Academic ideas
7. Research methods {Mapping them onto the theoretical framework is known as research methods mapping}


See if you could find these terms in the following diagram:

Theoretical framework level 1c is concisely described as theoretical framework level 1a+ research methods mapping

Updated frameworks for illustration:

The generic form of level-1c framework

RM1, RM2, RM3 are research methods, such as interview research, questionnaire survey, focus group, etc.

Additional reading: the implications of research methods mapping.

Terminology used in theoretical framework level-1a in the ALRA

Terminology used in theoretical framework level-1a in the Agile Literature Review Approach:

The terms used are: 

1. Zones (zone 1: environmental drivers; zone 2: organizational capabilities; zone 3: outcomes/ solutions)
2. Components (make sure to include component numbers)
3. Component labels
4. Core-focus domain
5. Links (between components)
6. Academic ideas


See if you could find these terms in the following diagram:

Theoretical framework level 1a is concisely described as theoretical framework level 0 + academic ideas

__________________________________________________

On the element of academic idea, the following example is illustrative:

"Leadership theories abound in the literature. One management principle is that managers should coach their subordinates as well as assess them (Wong and Li, 2015). Given guidance, the leadership styles of managers can greatly influence employees’ behavior (Lin et al., 2010; Li and Sun, 2015). Two dimensions of leadership are recognized by the Ohio School of Management Leadership, which are leader consideration and leader initiating structure. Leader initiating structure is bound up with how a supervisor coaches service staff. Leader consideration refers to the degree to which supervisors create an atmosphere of support and show their concern for the subordinates’ well-being (Bass and Stogdill, 1981; Judge et al., 2004; Kerr et al., 1974; Lin et al., 2014)"; [Lishan Xie, Yaoqi Li, Sheng-Hsiang Chen, Tzung-Cheng Huan, (2016) "Triad theory of hotel managerial leadership, employee brand-building behavior, and guest images of luxury-hotel brands", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 28 Issue: 9, pp.1826-1847, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2015-0004.]

Key words: leader consideration and initiating structure

Research tasks: To learn perception of how existing managerial leadership quality in terms of leader consideration and initiating structure affect employees' and organizational performance by unstructured interview and questionnaire survey on company staff.

In this example, "leader consideration and initiating structure" is an academic idea. [Note: Research tasks are not included in theoretical framework level 1a].

The theoretical framework level-1a represents the most important literature review output for the agile literature review approach (the consulting-oriented project type). Students are referred to chapter 2 [literature review] of the dissertation report samples for illustration of how the content of the literature review findings is organized with reference to the theoretical framework level-1a.

An updated framework structure:

Further reading: some clarification about literature review with reference to the theoretical framework level-1a.

Terminology used in theoretical framework level-0 in the Agile Literature Review Approach

Terminology used in theoretical framework level-0 in the Agile Literature Review Approach:

The terms used are: 

1. Zones (zone 1: environmental drivers; zone 2: organizational capabilities; zone 3: outcomes/ solutions)
2. Components (make sure to include component numbers)
3. Component labels
4. Core-focus domain
5. Links (between components)


See if you could find these terms in the following diagram:

Subsequently, the components are called items. The main thing to bear in mind is that the theoretical framework items are used to conduct literature search (and then literature review). Thus, while management-concerns items can be expressed in the language of the stakeholders in the case study, the derived theoretical framework item has to adopt typical business / management topics in the academic literature. This enables the theoretical framework to serve as an agenda to do literature review. Specifically, the key words (as spoken in the academic literature) used to express the theoretical framework items are to be used for literature search in order to further identify some relevant academic ideas to populate the theoretical framework level-0 to become the theoretical framework level-1a. For example, the management-concerns diagram may use terms such as "difficult to calculate product expense", "difficult for the business to make money". or "office staff is unhappy as their supervisors are horrible". In the theoretical framework level-0, the items would probably be "difficult to perform product costing", "difficult to improve business performance, especially financial performance", and "low staff morale, especially due to poor supervisors' management style". A good source to pick up typical business/ management topics is to refer to the table of contents of business/ management textbooks.

Also study: wordings used in the management-concerns diagram and the theoretical framework set.

The "complicated understanding" orientation of the Agile Literature Review Approach

The "complicated understanding" orientation (CUO) of the Agile Literature Review Approach is based on the following two learning attitude commitments:

Commitment 1: Develop a complicated understanding of the problem-situation and the chosen set of management concerns  [for the dissertation project] facing the client system as embedded in the problem-situation. This commitment is mainly employed in the problem-exploration phase of a research project].

Commitment 2: Develop a complicated intellectual response to the chosen set of management concerns for the researcher's dissertation project. This commitment is primarily adopted in the literature review phase of a research project].

Th CUO guides the ALRA-based dissertation project works on the project orientation phase, continuous problem-exploration, literature review and research investigation, among others. The CUO alerts to the high tendency of restrictiveness (e.g., perception blind-spots of all sorts) in the researcher's and client management's boundary judgement on management problem definition, research objective formulation and literature scope determination. Besides, from the standpoint of formulating a proper dissertation proposal, the research problem definition and literature review scope should not be too narrow (and the project topic too simple).