Friday 15 June 2018

Identification of academic ideas for theoretical framework preparation - on housing affordability


Identification of academic ideas/ topics for the preparation of a theoretical framework: on housing affordability



The note provides some illustration of identifying potential academic ideas, including academic topics, that could be considered by a researcher in housing studies to construct a theoretical framework. Such a theoretical framework can then be employed in the agile literature review approach (ALRA). There are five academic articles examined in this note.


Academic theme: housing affordability


Article 1
Luc Borrowman, Gennadi Kazakevitch & Lionel Frost (2017) How long do households remain in housing affordability stress?, Housing Studies, 32:7, 869-886, DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2017.1280140.
Abstract: We develop a model that specifies the duration of housing affordability stress for particular types of households. Using panel data from Australia, households are considered in semi- and parametric analysis against different household characteristics, revealing whether these characteristics predict the duration of housing affordability stress. For most types of households, an experience of housing affordability stress lasts less than one year. A group of household types disproportionately made up of renters and sole persons remains in stress for longer periods. Chronic housing affordability stress occurs if the duration of stress lasts for more than three years. Linking the duration of stress to household types, and demographic, financial and educational characteristics makes it possible to design more targeted, and therefore more efficient housing affordability policies.
Academic ideas used: Housing affordability; duration of housing stress; household budget

Article 2
Marietta E. A. Haffner & Harry J. F. M. Boumeester (2010): The Affordability of Housing in the Netherlands: An Increasing Income Gap Between Renting and Owning?, Housing Studies, 25:6, 799-820.

Abstract: Housing became more expensive in the Netherlands between 2002 and 2006, a trend which has been demonstrated using various measures of affordability. The expenditure-to-income ratios calculated for households confirm that the average cost of housing rose for tenants and homeowners, as well as for most income groups generally. This contribution analyses the development of various components of household expenditure which contributed to these higher ratios. One of the most important considerations here is the fact that average household disposable incomes either fell (tenants) or remained stable (homeowners) during the four-year period under review. This leads to the question of whether these increasing income differences between renting and owning can be attributed to the business cycle alone, or whether they are part of a longer-term trend that will eventually result in a rental sector that provides housing for those on lower incomes. The findings suggest that a longer-term or structural widening of the income gap between renting and owning may indeed be taking place.
Academic ideas used: affordability; expenditure-to-income ratio; income inequality

Article 3
Michael E. Stone (2006) A Housing Affordability Standard for the UK, Housing Studies, 21:4, 453-476, DOI: 10.1080/02673030600708886.
Abstract: Since 1990 there has been extensive exploration of the meaning of housing affordability by members of the academic, professional and advocacy communities in Britain. These debates have revealed weaknesses in the traditional ratio standard of affordability and led to arguments in support of an alternative, residual income concept of affordability. However, so far there has been only limited success in operationalising and applying the residual income approach in the UK. In the US, by contrast, arguments in support of a residual income approach to housing affordability emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s, culminating in the formulation of operational standards utilising normative family budgets. This paper draws upon the US experience to formulate a residual income housing affordability standard for the UK that utilises the non-shelter components of the Family Budget Unit (FBU) ‘Low Cost but Acceptable’ budgets as the normative standard for minimum adequate residual income. The paper concludes by suggesting how use of such a ‘shelter’ poverty standard to assess housing affordability problems and needs in the UK might yield results that differ from those based on the ratio standard.
Academic ideas used: Housing affordability; residual income; shelter poverty

Article 4
Gavin Wood & Rachel Ong (2011) Factors Shaping the Dynamics of Housing Affordability in Australia 2001–06, Housing Studies, 26:7-8, 1105-1127, DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2011.615156.
Abstract: This paper investigates factors shaping the dynamics of housing affordability in Australia over the period 2001–06. Panel model findings indicate that those with children and the unwaged are more prone to persistent housing affordability stress. However, residential moves during spells of housing affordability stress alleviate housing cost burdens. Survival in affordable housing has become progressively more difficult over the 2001–06 timeframe, an unsurprising finding given a house price boom over the period of analysis. Residential moves are again influential, but those made by households during a spell in affordable housing are associated with the onset of housing affordability stress.
Academic ideas used: Housing affordability dynamics; housing affordability stress

Article 5
Andrew Beer , Bridget Kearins & Hans Pieters (2007) Housing Affordability and Planning in Australia: The Challenge of Policy Under Neo-liberalism, Housing Studies, 22:1, 11-24, DOI: 10.1080/02673030601024572.
Abstract: Housing affordability has once again appeared on the policy agenda of Australian governments. House prices have risen in response to booming demand and constraints on the supply of dwellings, especially a shortage of land in the capital cities and skill shortages within the housing industry. Many young and low-income households have experienced great difficulty in gaining access to homeownership and in being able to afford private rental housing. This paper briefly considers the characteristics of public debate around housing affordability in Australia. It examines the role of neo-liberalism in shaping policy responses to housing affordability problems and assesses the argument that affordability goals can be achieved through manipulation of the planning system. It contends that neo-liberal philosophies of government direct policy action to the planning system, but such strategies have a limited capacity to improve housing affordability. Australian governments need to adopt more effective housing policies if they are to meet the needs of the 700 000 to 1 million households who live in unaffordable housing.
Academic ideas used: Housing affordability; neo-liberalism, planning

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