Study note on technological innovation

Study note on technological innovation

References with extracted contents

Coccia, M. 2016. "Sources of technological innovation: Radical and incremental innovation problem-driven to support competitive advantage firms" Technology Analysis & Strategic Management (URL address: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2016.1268682)

"In general, innovation is driven by several concomitant determinants, and scholars of economics, management of technology and related disciplines have described three principal approaches of technological change: induced innovations, evolutionary theory of technological change, and path-dependent development of innovations (cf. Dixon 1997). The first approach of induced innovations shows that the demand-pull is an important factor for supporting innovations. ....  The second approach is the evolutionary theory of technological change, which abandons the distinction between factor substitutions and shifts in the production function (Nelson and Winter 1982). .... Third approach is the path-dependence development of innovation that considers a specific sequence of micro-level historical events for the evolution of innovations: i.e. current choices of techniques may influence the future characteristics of technology and knowledge over the long run (Arthur 1989)";

Lee, K.R. 2015. "Toward a new paradigm of technological innovation: convergence innovation" Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 23(Sup1): 1-8.

"Looking back on the history of technological innovation as Rosenberg (1963, 1982) found, the phenomenon of convergence innovation emerged at the end of the nineteenth century as closely related technological problems were solved and shared among manufacturers of different types of machines. Machines confronted a similar collection of technological problems dealing with such matters as power transmission, control devices, feed mechanisms, friction reduction, and a broad array of problems connected with the properties of metals. These problems became common to the production of a wide range of commodities. These were apparently unrelated from the point of view of the nature of the final product. The uses, however, of the final product were very closely related on a technological basis. Rosenberg called this phenomenon as ‘technological convergence’... ";

"Modern innovations have had a strong tendency of technological convergence in which information and telecommunication (IT) technology plays a central role as it has been applied to vast areas of industries, generating variety of new products and services. Not only IT technologies but also other technologies are converging or being converged at varying degrees of integration routinely creating intellectual property rights. The phenomenon of convergence innovation is likely to even deepen and widen in the future due to intense competition among firms in global markets";

"... there are two fundamental types of innovation: one is the technological breakthrough and the other is technology fusion. According to Kodama, breakthrough innovations are associated with strong leadership in a particular technology, and technology fusion can be possible through concerted efforts by several different industries. He put particular emphasis on the latter because it contributes not only to the rapid growth of companies that make technology fusion possible, but also to the gradual growth of all the companies in many industries";

"Convergence innovation takes place to meet the needs of different sources as well as the divergent market demands. Sources such as customers, ideas and knowledge of users and suppliers, knowledge- intensive services, scientific and technological knowledge, and networks can be triggers or drivers of convergence innovation. The ability to utilise such diverse sources strategically enables a firm to make convergence innovation and gain a unique advantage which becomes a core competence of the firm";

Shaw, B. 1991. "Developing innovations within networks" Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 3(2): 111-128.

"Innovation-led growth demands the creation and development of effective relationships between the manufacturers, users, universities, polytechnics, research institutes, government departments and quasi-government organizations at the various stages in the innovation cycle. The effective management of the networks ensures the differing opportunities for sustainable cost advantages and/or product or process differentiation at the different stages in the innovation cycle are more clearly identified and grasped";

Byun, J., T.E. Sung and H.W. Park. 2017. "Technological innovation strategy: how do technology life cycles  change by technological area" Technology Analysis & Strategic Management (DOI: 10.1080/09537325.2017.1297397).

"To provide more competitive products, materials, processes, or system technology, it is necessary to establish a technological strategy prior to strategising on products (Vijay 2008). Before conceiving a technological strategy, it must first be determined whether technology is worth an investment or not, and this requires that questions such as ‘What is the future direction of technological development?’ and ‘Will technology be further advanced or die out?’ would be addressed";

"The term ‘technology trajectory’ is used to describe the moving path that emerging technologies take over time, and efforts have been made to observe consistent patterns in terms of a technology trajectory and also to conduct analyses on how technological development and proliferation are implemented so that they can be used as an important part of effective national investments in R&D or strategic corporate management ...... Assuming that the same amount of effort is poured into advancing technological development with the passage of time, the trajectory of most technologies takes the form of an S-curve";

"In many cases, companies tend to be reluctant to invest in the earlier stage of development of a new technology, which is due to the fact that it can generate lower earnings than investment in existing technologies. However, if it is considered that a discontinuous technology is advancing or sometimes innovative (Figure 2(A)) or that existing technologies cannot be further advanced, companies will expect to generate much higher profit by making investment in new technologies";

Soltani, S., H. Azadi and F. Witlox. 2013. "Technological Innovation Drivers in Rural Small Food Industries in Iran" Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 25(1): 68-83.

"Innovation, by definition, is the use of new, or existing, scientific or technological knowledge to create new products, processes, knowledge, or services to provide a degree of novelty either to its developer or the sector at a national or international level (Galanakis, 2006). According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD; 1981), ‘‘technological innovation is the transformation of an idea into a new or improved saleable product or operational process in industry or commerce’’ (p. 15). Technological innovation is regarded as a tool for strengthening competitiveness because it secures continued economic growth by reinforcing employment and income generation (Sikka, 1991)";

"The literature on technological innovation (TI) of SFIs [small food industries] reveals four potential drivers: the firms’ characteristics, managers’ characteristics, internal and external linkages, and competition intensity";

Lee, J. and N. Berente. 2013. "The era of incremental change in the technology innovation life cycle: An analysis of the automotive emission control industry" Research Policy  42, Elsevier: 1469-1481.

"The early stages of new technological products are marked by periods of intense innovation and competition among contending product concepts until one emerges as the “dominant design” in an industry (Anderson and Tushman, 1990). After a dominant design emerges, there is a period of relative stability that has been characterized as the “era of incremental change” (Anderson and Tushman, 1990). During this era of incremental change, the product architecture remains stable and firms transfer their attention from the overall product to innovation associated with manufacturing processes, cost reductions, component improvements, and customer segmentation";

"Recent work ...... has found that the era of incremental innovation is not quite so stable and uninteresting as it was (perhaps) previously thought. Incremental component innovations are often the source of the discontinuities in product architectures that result in disruptive innovations (Funk, 2009). Social and political elements of industries continue to be in a state of flux throughout the era of incremental innovation (Dokko et al., 2012). Many industries – particularly digitally intensive industries – do not exhibit the stability (associated with inverted “U” shaped innovation cycles) that life cycle theory implies (Murmann and Frenken, 2006)";