Wednesday, 30 September 2026

Article review of “Turning intent into impact”, focusing on the topic of research approaches: for MBA students

Article review of “Turning intent into impact”, focusing on the topic of research approaches: for MBA students

 

How to present this article in Harvard reference format?

Ryu, S.W., Kwon, B., Zhou, W.C. & Cortes, A.F., 2026. Turning intent into impact: HR as a change agent in corporate sustainability. Human Resource Management Review, 36, p.101162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2026.101162

 

 

 

What are the key research issues the article wants to address?

The article "Turning intent into impact: HR as a change agent in corporate sustainability" addresses several key research issues:

1.    Symbolic vs. substantive corporate sustainability (CS): The article investigates when and how corporate sustainability efforts move beyond ambitious rhetoric and symbolic actions to generate substantive changes in organizational practices.

2.    Role of HR as a change agent: It focuses on the role of the human resource (HR) function in driving corporate sustainability change, conceptualizing HR as an institutional change agent who enacts disruption, creation, and maintenance of institutional elements throughout the sustainability change process.

3.    Process perspective on corporate sustainability: The research adopts a multiphase process model for corporate sustainability, involving sensitizing–unfreezing, moving, and refreezing phases, and explores how HR's contributions vary across these phases.

4.    HR engagement continuum and roles: The paper develops a proactive–defensive continuum of HR engagement and identifies phase-specific HR roles—broker versus bystander in sensitizing–unfreezing, catalyst versus executor in moving, and framer versus steward in refreezing—to explain how HR's stance impacts the depth and permanence of corporate sustainability outcomes.

5.    Institutional theory lens: Integrating a framework of institutional work, the article seeks to understand how HR interactions with institutional logics and paradoxical tensions shape the trajectory and institutionalization of sustainability practices.

6.    Practical guidance and future research directions: The article addresses the practical challenge of how organizations can align HR activities to the appropriate phase of sustainability change to promote substantive rather than symbolic outcomes and outlines areas for future empirical research to validate and extend the theoretical framework.

In summary, the article aims to clarify the microfoundations and dynamics through which HR can transform corporate sustainability intentions into impactful and enduring organizational changes.

 

What research methods have been used in this study?

The article "Turning intent into impact: HR as a change agent in corporate sustainability" primarily develops a conceptual and theoretical framework rather than employing empirical research methods. As indicated, no data was used for the research described in the article, suggesting it is a theoretical paper focusing on integrating existing literature and theories.

Specifically, the authors adopt:

·        A process view of corporate sustainability, drawing on existing organizational change models (sensitizing–unfreezing, moving, refreezing).

·        Institutional work theory to theorize HR's role in enacting institutional disruption, creation, and maintenance during corporate sustainability efforts.

·        Paradox theory to understand tensions and competing institutional logics HR must navigate.

·        Literature synthesis and conceptual development to propose a proactive–defensive continuum of HR engagement and phase-specific HR roles.

The authors indicate that future research should empirically examine their propositions using multi-wave, multi-level designs combining surveys, archival data, qualitative process tracing, and comparative case studies, but such empirical work is beyond the scope of the current article.

In summary, the study uses a conceptual and theoretical development research method rather than empirical data collection or analysis.

 

What research approaches (i.e. qualitative method, quantitative method and mixed research method) have been used in this study?

The study employs a qualitative conceptual research approach rather than quantitative or mixed methods. It develops a theoretical framework by integrating existing theories and literature on corporate sustainability, human resource management, institutional work, and paradox theory. The authors do not collect or analyze empirical data; instead, their method involves:

·        Synthesizing prior research and theoretical perspectives.

·        Conceptualizing corporate sustainability as a multiphase organizational change process.

·        Theorizing HR's roles and institutional work across these phases.

No quantitative data or mixed-method empirical research was conducted in this study. The authors suggest future empirical research could apply qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods to test and expand their conceptual framework.

Therefore, the primary research approach used is qualitative conceptual/theoretical analysis.

 

What (reasoning) research approaches have been used in this study (i.e. inductive, deduct and abductive approaches)?

The study primarily employs a deductive research approach with elements of abductive reasoning:

·        Deductive approach: The authors start from established theories and existing literature on organizational change, corporate sustainability (CS), institutional work, and HRM. They use these theoretical foundations (e.g., Lewin’s change model, institutional entrepreneurship, paradox theory) to develop a conceptual framework that explains HR’s roles and engagement continuum across the phases of the CS process. This top-down reasoning moves from general theoretical propositions to specific conceptualizations regarding HR engagement in CS.

·        Abductive elements: The study also creatively integrates multiple perspectives—such as linking institutional work typologies with HR roles and paradox theory—to explain symbolic versus substantive CS outcomes. This synthesis involves iterative theorizing and extending existing frameworks, which reflects abductive reasoning where surprising or complex phenomena lead to the formulation of new theoretical insights.

The study does not report empirical data collection or induction from observed data, so inductive reasoning is not the primary approach here. Instead, the focus is on theory development through deductive theorizing combined with abductive integration of ideas.

In sum, the research reasoning is predominantly deductive with abductive theorizing to develop and extend conceptual frameworks regarding HR as a change agent in corporate sustainability

 

Describe 3 main claims of the article in terms of Toulmin's model of argument.

Based on the provided content from the article and applying Toulmin's model of argument (which consists of Claim, Grounds, Warrant, and often Backing, Qualifier, and Rebuttal), here are three main claims from the article with their reasoning structure:


Claim 1:

HR plays multiphase institutional roles (disruption, creation, maintenance) across different phases of corporate sustainability efforts, which shapes whether sustainability initiatives are symbolic or substantive.

  • Grounds: Drawing on Lawrence and Suddaby’s (2006) typology of institutional work, the article identifies specific HR activities in the sensitizing–unfreezing (disruption & creation), moving (creation), and refreezing (maintenance) phases. It also shows HR’s influence on whether corporate sustainability (CS) efforts decouple rhetoric from practice or embed CS in core organizational processes.
  • Warrant: Institutional work theory and change management models (e.g., Lewin’s phases) justify that actors like HR, through their institutional roles and engagement styles, fundamentally shape organizational change outcomes and their legitimacy (symbolic vs. substantive).
  • Backing: Previous work on HRM institutional entrepreneurship for sustainability (Ren et al., 2023; Ren & Jackson, 2020) and management change theory support this claim.

Claim 2:

A proactive HR stance (acting as broker, catalyst, framer) leads to substantive corporate sustainability outcomes by managing tensions (“both/and” logic), whereas a defensive stance (bystander, executor, steward) risks symbolic decoupling through “either/or” responses.

  • Grounds: The authors develop a proactive–defensive HR engagement continuum based on paradox theory and CS tension literature, illustrating how HR’s attitude towards competing demands affects the depth of CS integration.
  • Warrant: Paradox theory and institutional theory suggest that recognizing and managing tensions constructively enables deeper and more sustained institutional change, whereas avoidance or splitting responses maintain superficial compliance.
  • Backing: References to Smith & Lewis (2011), Carmine & De Marchi (2023), Ehnert et al. (2014), and others substantiate the importance of managing paradoxes for genuine sustainability outcomes.

Claim 3:

Effective corporate sustainability requires context-specific HR interventions tailored to each phase of change and supported by appropriate governance structures.

  • Grounds: The framework recommends distinct HR activities for each phase (e.g., stakeholder engagement in unfreezing, integrating CS into HR systems in moving, embedding sustainability in culture during refreezing), plus governance enablers like HR representation in CS steering and sustainability metrics in board remits.
  • Warrant: Organizational change literature and best practices in sustainability stress the importance of phase-appropriate interventions and governance for successful institutionalization; generic or unfocused efforts tend to fail or remain symbolic.
  • Backing: Practitioner guides from CIPD and SHRM Foundation corroborate the need for diagnosis, sequencing, and governance aligned with organizational maturity and phase of CS efforts.

These claims outline the article’s core arguments about HR’s conditional and critical role in advancing corporate sustainability beyond symbolic initiatives, grounded in institutional and paradox theory and structured in a change management process.

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