Wednesday, 8 July 2026

A brief note on the main secondary research methods: for MBA students

 A brief note on the main secondary research methods: for MBA students


Highlight 4 main ideas on each of the following secondary research methods in the context of doing part-time MBA dissertation projects: 1. systematic literature review 2. secondary data analysis 3. document and content analysis 4. narrative reviews 5. scoping reviews And then briefly explain where to locate the research method design and where to locate the research method findings for each of these five secondary research methods: in chapter 2 (Literature Review), chapter 3 (research methodology) or chapter 4 (presentation of research findings) of an MBA dissertation report.

Below are four core ideas for each of the five secondary research methods, framed for a part‑time MBA dissertation, followed by where the method design and method findings typically sit in a standard three‑chapter empirical MBA dissertation (Ch2 = Literature Review, Ch3 = Research Methodology, Ch4 = Presentation of Findings).


1. Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

Four main ideas

  • Explicit, replicable protocol: An SLR follows a pre‑specified search strategy (databases, keywords, time frame, inclusion/exclusion criteria) so another researcher could reproduce it.libguides.hull.ac+1
  • Comprehensive, structured search: It aims to identify all relevant scholarly works on a focused question (e.g., “What drives dividend payout policy in SGX-listed firms?”), not just a convenient sample.libraryguides.waikato.ac+1
  • Critical appraisal and synthesis: Included studies are assessed for quality/relevance and then synthesised (often thematically or via meta‑analysis) to produce an evidence‑based answer to the research question.pdfs.semanticscholar+1
  • Transparency and bias reduction: By documenting every step (search strings, screening flow, reasons for exclusion), an SLR minimises selection bias and strengthens credibility—important for MBA-level rigour.repository.up+1

Where method design and findings appear

  • Method design: In Chapter 3 (Research Methodology) you describe the SLR protocol: databases used, search strings, inclusion/exclusion criteria, screening process, and quality appraisal method.libguides.hull.ac+1
  • Method findings: The synthesised results of the SLR (e.g., key themes, gaps, consolidated models) are presented in Chapter 4 (Presentation of Research Findings) if the SLR is your primary method. If the SLR is only to build your theoretical base, those insights instead sit in Chapter 2 (Literature Review) and Chapter 4 will contain no new empirical findings.library.soton.ac+1

2. Secondary Data Analysis

Four main ideas

  • Use of existing datasets: You analyse data collected by others (e.g., Compustat, World Bank, HKEX/SGX filings, government statistics) rather than generating new data yourself.libguides.tees.ac
  • Cost- and time-efficient for MBA projects: Secondary data analysis is attractive for part‑time students because it avoids fieldwork while still enabling sophisticated quantitative work (regressions, panel data, event studies).libguides.tees.ac
  • Fit between data and research question: You must carefully match available variables to your conceptual model and acknowledge limitations (e.g., missing variables, different time periods, aggregation levels).libguides.tees.ac
  • Ethical and data-quality considerations: Even with public data, you must address data provenance, reliability, consistency, and any licensing/usage conditions; you also assess issues like survivorship bias or reporting changes.libguides.tees.ac

Where method design and findings appear

  • Method design: In Chapter 3, you detail the datasets, variables, sample selection, time period, data cleaning steps, and analytical techniques (e.g., OLS, fixed effects).libguides.tees.ac
  • Method findings: The statistical results (tables, models, hypothesis tests) derived from the secondary data are presented in Chapter 4. Chapter 2 uses prior studies to justify your model but does not present your own results.libguides.tees.ac

3. Document and Content Analysis

Four main ideas

  • Systematic examination of texts and artefacts: You analyse documents such as annual reports, CSR/sustainability reports, strategy documents, regulatory filings, news articles, or internal memos as your primary data.academic.oup
  • Qualitative coding and thematic development: Content is coded (manually or with software) into categories/themes to identify patterns, discourses, or strategic narratives (e.g., how firms frame “digital transformation” in investor communications).academic.oup
  • Contextual and interpretive focus: The method emphasises meaning, framing, and context rather than just frequencies; it is well suited to strategy, marketing, and governance questions in MBA work.academic.oup
  • Rigour through audit trail: You enhance credibility by documenting your sampling of documents, coding scheme, intercoder checks (if applicable), and how themes were derived.academic.oup

Where method design and findings appear

  • Method design: In Chapter 3, you explain which documents were selected, why, over what period, how they were accessed, and your coding/analytical procedure.academic.oup
  • Method findings: The themes, patterns, illustrative excerpts, and interpretive insights from the documents are presented in Chapter 4. Chapter 2 may summarise prior document-based studies but not your own coded results.academic.oup

4. Narrative Reviews

Four main ideas

  • Broad, interpretive overview of a topic: A narrative review summarises and interprets existing literature without a fully formalised search protocol, often to provide context or theoretical framing.scribbr+1
  • Flexible structure and selection: Studies are selected and organised thematically, chronologically, or conceptually, guided by the author’s judgment rather than strict inclusion rules.libraryguides.waikato.ac+1
  • Useful for theory-building and gap-spotting: Narrative reviews help you map key debates, dominant theories, and unresolved issues to motivate your research question and conceptual framework.library.soton.ac+1
  • Risk of bias, mitigated by transparency: Because selection is less systematic, you must be explicit about your scope, databases, and rationale to avoid appearing impressionistic.libguides.hull.ac+1

Where method design and findings appear

  • Method design: In a typical MBA dissertation where the narrative review is part of building the theoretical base, you do not have a separate “method chapter” for it; instead, you briefly describe your approach (databases, keywords, time frame) at the start of Chapter 2 (Literature Review). If your entire dissertation is a narrative review, you may outline the approach in Chapter 3.library.soton.ac+1
  • Method findings: There are usually no separate empirical findings from a narrative review; its “findings” are the synthesised insights, gaps, and conceptual model that appear within Chapter 2. Chapter 4 then presents findings from your primary/secondary empirical work (if any).libguides.hull.ac+1

5. Scoping Reviews

Four main ideas

  • Mapping the breadth of a field: A scoping review aims to chart the extent, range, and nature of research activity on a broad or emerging topic (e.g., “ESG disclosure practices in Asian SMEs”).repository.up+1
  • Systematic but exploratory protocol: Like an SLR, it uses a structured search and transparent criteria, but it is more flexible about study types and quality, focusing on “what exists” rather than “what works”.repository.up+1
  • Identification of concepts, sources, and gaps: It identifies key concepts, theories, data sources, and methodological approaches, and highlights where evidence is thin or fragmented—ideal for setting up further focused research.libraryguides.waikato.ac+1
  • Suitable for nascent or interdisciplinary topics: Scoping reviews are particularly appropriate when the literature is diverse, definitions vary, or the field is still evolving.repository.up+1

Where method design and findings appear

  • Method design: In Chapter 3, you describe the scoping review protocol: research question, databases, search terms, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and how you charted the data (e.g., using a data-extraction matrix).libraryguides.waikato.ac+1
  • Method findings: The maps, tables, and thematic summaries showing the landscape of the literature (e.g., types of studies, geographies, methods used, gaps) are presented in Chapter 4 if the scoping review is your main method. If it is only a preliminary step, the output may sit in Chapter 2 as an advanced literature review.repository.up+1

Quick reference table

Method

Method design described in

Method findings presented in

 

Method

Method design described in

Method findings presented in

Systematic literature review

Chapter 3 (or intro to Ch2 if purely theoretical)

Chapter 4 (if SLR is the main method) or Chapter 2 (if only theoretical grounding)

Secondary data analysis

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Document & content analysis

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Narrative review

Start of Chapter 2 (or Chapter 3 if whole dissertation)

Chapter 2 (no separate empirical findings)

Scoping review

Chapter 3

Chapter 4 (if main method) or Chapter 2 (if preliminary mapping)




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