A note on how to do inductive coding on research interview transcripts (information from perplexity.ai)
My question: "When conducting inductive qualitative data analysis on interview transcripts, a set of codes are identified, which are then grouped into categories. Subsequently, the codes and the categories are also linked to form a theme or a scenario. My questions are: (1) what are the major object attribute types considered to produce a set codes and (2) when should which object attribute types be considered. Could you clarify your answer using examples with regard to the following two research themes: (1) MBA related: research interviews on middle managers of a bank on their leadership style preference of their superiors, and (2) Housing studies related: research interviews of residents in a public housing estate on their views on what cause which type of domestic violence in their public housing estate over the past 2 years."
The reply: "Inductive Qualitative Data Analysis: Object Attribute Types and Their Use
When conducting inductive coding on interview transcripts, codes are labels that summarize meaningful data segments, and are later organized into categories and themes (or scenarios) to form a deeper understanding of the data. A key step is deciding what kinds of object attribute types (or aspects) to code.
(1) Major Object Attribute Types
Generally, the following major attribute types serve as a basis for creating codes:
Actions/Behaviors: What people do or say (e.g., "delegating tasks," "giving feedback")
Perceptions/Opinions: How participants think or feel about something (e.g., "preferred leadership style is participative")
Experiences/Events: Specific incidents or events described (e.g., "witnessed verbal abuse")
Contexts/Situations: Settings or conditions influencing behavior (e.g., "during financial crises")
Causes/Conditions: Factors leading to an event or behavior (e.g., "stress from workload")
Consequences/Effects: Outcomes of behaviors or events (e.g., "increased team motivation")
Attributes/Characteristics: Personal or environmental traits (e.g., "middle manager," "public housing estate")
Sentiments/Emotions: Feelings expressed, often positive or negative (e.g., "fear," "frustration")
These attribute types help capture what is said and how it relates to others, setting the stage for grouping codes into coherent categories and themes.
(2) When to Consider Which Object Attribute Types
The choice of attribute types to prioritize depends on the research aims and context. Here are examples for the two research themes you gave:
MBA Related Example: Leadership Style Preference
Research focus: Middle managers' preferences about their superiors' leadership styles.
Perceptions/Opinions: Key for understanding preferences (e.g., "I like leaders who explain decisions clearly")
Actions/Behaviors: Look for descriptions of leaders' actual behavior (e.g., "My boss often micromanages")
Sentiments/Emotions: Capture feelings about leaders (e.g., "I feel motivated under supportive leadership")
Contexts/Situations: Consider work situations influencing preferences (e.g., "During crisis, I prefer directive leadership")
Consequences/Effects: Impact of leadership styles on managers (e.g., "This style improved team performance")
Here, codes might emerge first around opinions about styles, then linked to behavior and effects to form themes like "Preference for participative leadership during stable periods."
Housing Studies Example: Domestic Violence in Public Housing Estate
Research focus: Residents’ views on causes and types of domestic violence over two years.
Experiences/Events: Specific incidents or types of violence reported (e.g., "heard shouting late at night")
Causes/Conditions: Residents’ views on what causes violence (e.g., "financial stress," "overcrowding")
Contexts/Situations: Housing estate features influencing violence (e.g., "lack of security patrols")
Attributes/Characteristics: Demographics or environment traits (e.g., "single-parent households")
Sentiments/Emotions: Feelings about safety or violence (e.g., "fear," "helplessness")
Consequences/Effects: Effects on residents and community (e.g., "children affected emotionally")
Codes would cluster around causes, events, and emotional impacts, which might form themes like "Financial stress as a key trigger of verbal and physical violence."
Summary:
Always ground code types in your research questions and goals.
Start broad with all types but emphasize attribute types that directly capture your inquiry.
Use iterative coding: as you code, note which attributes dominate and adjust focus."
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