Thursday, 29 September 2022

e-resources on building-blocks of statistical analysis for research project

 e-resources on building-blocks of statistical analysis for research project

Basic concepts for revision

a. Descriptive Statistics, Part 1

b. Descriptive Statistics, Part 2

c. Descriptive vs Inferential Statistics


I. Building blocks at the initial stage:

* constructs.

* conceptual definitions.

* operational definitions.

* variables and operationalization in quantitative methods.

* conceptualization and operationalization.

* theories and operational definitions.

* Data types

* true, quasi, pre, and non-experiment.

* density curves and their properties.

* on variables.

* Some different types of relationships

* on mediator and moderator variables. (also watch mediation, moderation and the third variable problem). [again on Regression: Mediator vs. Moderator]

* steps to formulate a strong hypothesis.

* Why did I get null results?

* on falsification.

* on standard normal distribution.

* the normal distribution rule.

* normal distribution explained - part 1.

* normal distribution explained - part 2.

* understanding the central limit theorem.

* On statistical significance.

* On confidence and significance level

* P-values and critical values.

* on one tail and two tail tests.

* Representative vs Biased Samples

* On sampling in research methods study.

II. Specific statistical techniques

Technique 1: chi-squared test

* simple explanation of chi-squared test.

* chi-square distribution.

* a briefing on chi-squared test.

* An illustration of calculating p-value for ch-squared test with Excel.

* a tutorial on the chi-squared test.

* chi square distribution.

Technique 2: Excel pivot table

* on multidimensional data analysis - a conceptual note. [about using Excel pivot table].

* using Excel pivot table to study homelessness.

Videos: (1) how to create pivot tables. (2) pivot table tutorial.

Also see blog note on pivot table as a research tool.


Technique 3: correlation analysis

* Linear equation: introduction.

* understanding correlation. (also on the basic steps to calculate correlation coefficient).

* an introduction to linear regression analysis.

* introduction to simple linear regression. (also take a look at linear vs exponential for some clarification of the linear concept).

* How to calculate linear regression using least square method.

* what are correlations?

* Correlation and causation (also study causal inference and causality).

* correlation vs regression.

* coefficient of determination. (r squared). (on how to calculate r squared).

* correlation coefficient. (also on calculating r and r squared).

* on standard error of the estimate in regression analysis. (more importantly on SSE, SSR, SST and R-squared)

* (i) Excel scatter diagram and calculation of coefficient of correlation (r). And then on showing (ii) trend [regression] line and the linear equation (also coefficient of correlation). This one is on the regression line and show more equation info on the line. 

* multiple linear regression. part 1

* multiple linear regression part 2.

* multiple linear regression - evaluating basic models.

* Correlational research design. [another one on the same topic]

* Correlation hypothesis testing.

* on control variables; mediator and moderator. (further discussion on mediator under the topic of intervening variable).

* Comparing Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental Studies

* using Excel for multiple regression analysis./ Excel 2016 regression analysis.  Another video on demonstration (covering how to add on the function of regression analysis)

* interpreting Excel regression report: video 1; video 2; note the info on "adjusted R square" and the meaning of the major figures of the report.

** note that in Excel regression report, the p-value is a measure on 1 corner of the p-value curve; for a two-tailed test, the alpha value is (5%/2 = 2.5%). In this case the p-value is to be compared with 2.5% (for a two-tailed test).



*** also study this blog note related to correlation.


Technique 4: ANOVA

* one-way ANOVA with Excel.

* basic ideas on one-way ANOVA.

* Introduction to the F-statistic.

* one-way ANOVA with manual calculation. [also take a look at the F-value calculator and a video on F-test calculation]

* A note on explanation of F-value.

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