Wednesday 18 July 2018

How to do literature review with a level 0 theoretical framework

I make use of the following theoretical framework [level 0] in the agile literature review approach to suggest how to proceed with literature review:



A theoretical framework [level 0]





The theoretical framework is made up of 7 components:

Influencing factors (Part A)
1. Evaluate how the existing HR strategies affect staff turnover and team leadership
2. Evaluate how the existing business strategies affect staff turnover and team leadership
3. Evaluate how the existing change management strategies affect staff turnover and team leadership
Core-focus domain (Part B)
4. Evaluate how the existing staff turnover status affects business performance
5. Evaluate how the existing team leadership status affects business performance
Business impacts and solution evaluation domain (Part C)
6. Evaluate how the existing staff turnover and team leadership status aggravates the current management concerns (as depicted by the management-concerns diagram)
7. Evaluate the existing and proposed measures to specifically cope with the staff turnover and team leadership issues.



Now, let us consider component 1 "Evaluate how the existing HR strategies affect staff turnover and team leadership". If you type the key words of "HR strategies", "staff turnover" and "team leadership" as a single search in e-library, I am 99.9% sure that you will not get any articles from it. And, even if you are able to obtain 1 or 2 articles, it is very likely that they are not exactly about how HR strategies affect staff turnover and team leadership.



I suggest that, each time you do literature search, you key in one key topic, e.g, "human resource strategy" and then save your resultant articles in a computer folder. Then you try another key topic, e.g., "staff turnover"; and finally, "team leadership".



After that, browse through the collected articles and compile a study note with some useful academic ideas on the three topics of hr strategy, staff turnover and team leadership. The academic ideas may have something to do with definitions, value-full viewpoints, analytical notions, empirical findings (e.g., effectiveness of certain practices and opinion survey results in a particular country) and research issues on the three topics of hr strategy, staff turnover and team leadership. Possibly, you may come across academic ideas that are associated with relationship between the three topics. Again, you may come across academic ideas that are associated with other components of your theoretical framework. It needs to be stressed that literature review is an engaging exploratory and exploitative intellectual learning process that involves snowballing of ideas.



After reviewing your study notes on the three topics, you could make now use of your chosen academic ideas to formulate specific research tasks and questions for your theoretical framework component 1. Examples can be: 



1. To evaluate how variable X (an academic idea, e.g., employee recruitment practice in HR strategy) affects staff turnover/or team leadership outcome

2. To evaluate staff turnover outcome via diverse HR strategy models (an academic idea, e.g., traditional, human relation and human resource HR models)
3. To formulate a hypothesis on the correlation between variable X (an academic idea on HR strategy) and variable Y (an academic idea on staff turnover/or team leadership)
4. To evaluate staff turnover/ team leadership status of the company under review with an analytical HR strategy model (e.g., talent management).



After doing that for all the components of the theoretical framework [level 0], you produce a level 1 theoretical framework.  A level 1 theoretical framework is essentially a level 0 one whose components are populated with academic ideas-incorporated points. You can now use the statements [i.e., academic ideas-incorporated point] that explicitly use academic ideas (with clear referencing) in a component to inform your specific research methods to be used. Specifically, the statements (e.g., examples 1-4 above) on component 1 can be expressed as research questions to be asked in an interview research or in a questionnaire survey research. The task of mapping research methods onto a theoretical framework can be called research methods mapping in the Agile Literature Review Approach. The result is that your research methods are explicitly academic ideas-driven and research objectives-focused.



Subsequently, you could write up your dissertation report chapter on Literature Review with the final version of your level 1 theoretical framework. The theoretical framework [level 1] with research methods mapped is used for writing up the chapter on Research methods.

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