Tuesday, 9 June 2026

Lecture note on research philosophy for MBA students: ontology, epistemology and axiology

 Lecture note on research philosophy for MBA students

 

Highlight 4 main ideas and 4 practice advices based on the 4 ideas on each of the following 3 topics in the context of MBA dissertation projects: 1. ontology 2. epistemology 3. auxiology

 

Based on MBA dissertation research methodology, here are the 4 main ideas and 4 corresponding practice advices for each of the three philosophical topics:


1. ONTOLOGY (Nature of Reality)

4 Main Ideas

Idea

Explanation

Definition

Ontology is the "science or study of being" dealing with what constitutes reality 

Core Question

"What is the nature of reality?" — whether social entities exist objectively or are subjectively created 

Two Positions

Objectivism (positivism): reality exists external to social actors; Subjectivism (constructionism/ interpretivism): reality is created by social actors' perceptions 

Research Impact

Ontological choice determines research design — influencing epistemology, approach, strategy, and data collection methods 

4 Practice Advices

1.    Specify your stance early: Explicitly state whether you adopt objectivism or constructivism in your methodology chapter, with 1 page sufficient for MBA level

2.    Provide formal definition: Use and reference books rather than web pages when defining ontology formally

3.    Justify with aims: Explain your rationale by referring to your research aims and objectives

4.    Discuss implications: Show how your ontological choice impacts your epistemology, research approach, strategy, and data collection methods


2. EPISTEMOLOGY (Nature of Knowledge)

4 Main Ideas

Idea

Explanation

Definition

Epistemology deals with sources, nature, possibilities, and limitations of knowledge in your field of study 

Core Questions

"What is knowledge?", "Do we have knowledge?", "How can we gain knowledge?" 

Two Major Debates

Empiricism: accepts observation/feelings/senses as valid; Rationalism: relies on empirical findings through reliable measures 

Research Philosophy Link

Positivism = only observable phenomena/facts; Interpretivism = subjective meanings and non-quantifiable data 

4 Practice Advices

1.    Provide multiple definitions: For MBA dissertation, provide several definitions from relevant sources and specify which you adapt

2.    Clarify acceptable knowledge: Discuss what is and is not accepted as knowledge in your research, justified by research aims

3.    Match philosophy to methods: Specify the research philosophy and methods corresponding to your epistemology (e.g., positivism → observable data)

4.    Discuss knowledge sources: Address both general knowledge sources (intuitive, authoritarian, logical, empirical) and those used in your research


3. AXIOLOGY (Values & Ethics)

(Note: User wrote "auxiology" but the correct term is "axiology")

4 Main Ideas

Idea

Explanation

Definition

Axiology examines the nature of values and ethics and how they shape research decisions and interpretations 

Core Function

It's a practical tool influencing perspectives, choices, and methodological approach — not just theoretical 

Two Positions

Objective axiology: research should be value-free/neutral; Subjective axiology: research is influenced by researcher's values/experiences 

Key Impacts

Shapes topic selection, ethics (morally right/wrong), bias awareness, and broader societal impact of work 

4 Practice Advices

1.    Articulate your values: Clearly understand and articulate the values influencing your choices in topic selection and research conduct

2.    Examine bias balance: Assess the balance between subjectivity and objectivity to become aware of biases and their potential impact

3.    Guide ethics consciously: Consider what is morally right/wrong in data collection, analysis, and interpretation

4.    Write an axiology statement: Create a well-written statement demonstrating alignment between philosophical stance and chosen methods to strengthen dissertation quality




A collection of blog notes on using chatgpt for research purpose.


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