A brief notes on research philosophies, research approaches, research methodologies and research methods

 A brief notes on research philosophies, research approaches, research methodologies and research methods

Research Philosophy

Definition: Research philosophy refers to the underlying belief system that guides how research is conducted. It shapes the way researchers interpret data and understand the world.

Research Approach

Definition: The research approach outlines the strategy and plan for how to conduct the research, typically categorized into three types: deductive, inductive, and abductive.

A. Types of Research Approaches

Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods:

Qualitative Research: Focuses on understanding phenomena through in-depth exploration of subjective experiences, often using methods like interviews, focus groups, and content analysis.

Quantitative Research: Involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, test theories, and establish relationships, typically using surveys and experiments.

Mixed Methods Research: Combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.

B. Types of Reasoning Approaches

Inductive, Deductive, and Abductive Approaches:

Inductive Approach: Starts with observations and develops theories based on patterns identified in the data. Commonly used in qualitative research.

Deductive Approach: Begins with existing theories or hypotheses and tests them through data collection. Often associated with quantitative research.

Abductive Approach: Combines elements of both inductive and deductive reasoning. It starts with an incomplete set of observations and seeks the best explanation, often leading to new theories.

Research methodology

*** check the table and diagram below.

Research Method

Definition: Research methods are the specific techniques and procedures used to collect and analyze data. This includes qualitative methods (like interviews or focus groups) and quantitative methods (like surveys or experiments).

Summary of differences between research approach and research methodology

This distinction is helpful in structuring your dissertation and ensuring clarity in how you present your research design."

Diagram 1: On the relatedness of research philosophy, research approach, research methodology and research method

Diagram 2: research methodology: an illustration

My version of the key terms: research philosophy, research approach, research methodology and research methods

** also study the note on research approach. The second one is on research method design.

Reference: a collection of blog notes on using chatgpt for research purpose.

Some examples of quantitative research methods usage from the academic literature in Housing Studies

Some examples of quantitative research methods usage from the academic literature in Housing Studies [information from perplexity.ai]

My question 1: "Could you give me five examples of study that use hypothesis testing and correlation analysis from academic journal articles related to the field of Housing Studies published within the last 5 years?"

The reply: "Here are five examples of studies that utilize hypothesis testing and correlation analysis in the field of Housing Studies, published within the last five years:

1. An Exploratory Analysis of Housing and the Distribution of COVID-19
   This study investigates the relationship between housing characteristics and variations in the spread of COVID-19 across Sweden's municipalities. It employs hypothesis testing to analyze correlations between various housing variables (e.g., housing prices, rental rates) and COVID-19 case rates, demonstrating significant associations among them

   1

   .
2. The Effect of Housing Circumstances on Recidivism
   This research examines how different housing circumstances (living situation, homelessness, residential instability) affect recidivism rates among individuals on probation. The study tests hypotheses regarding the relationships between these housing factors and recidivism, finding that unstable housing significantly increases recidivism risk

   2

   .
3. Spatio-temporal Stability of Housing Submarkets
   This paper explores the stability of real estate submarkets over time, utilizing hypothesis testing to analyze the correlation between various factors influencing housing prices and market conditions in Warsaw, Poland. The study employs a hedonic pricing model to assess how different submarkets respond to external influences

   3

   .
4. Understanding the Correlation of Demographic Features with BEV Uptake
   This study focuses on the relationship between demographic features and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) uptake. It formulates hypotheses regarding how demographic variables impact BEV adoption rates and conducts correlation analysis to test these relationships, revealing significant correlations

   6

   .
5. Persistence of Market Conditions in Real Estate Markets
   This research investigates how excess demand influences housing prices across various Canadian cities. The study tests hypotheses related to market conditions and their correlation with pricing dynamics, finding statistically significant differences in how these relationships manifest across different urban environments

   5

   .

These studies exemplify the application of hypothesis testing and correlation analysis within Housing Studies, addressing various aspects such as public health, criminal justice, market dynamics, and demographic influences."

My question 2: "Could you give me five examples of study that use desk research and quantitative data analysis from academic journal articles related to the field of Housing Studies published within the last 5 years?"

The reply: "Here are five examples of studies that employed desk research and quantitative data analysis in the field of Housing Studies, published within the last five years:

1. Housing Affordability and Economic Growth
   This study conducted a comprehensive desk research analysis of housing affordability metrics across various U.S. cities, correlating them with economic growth indicators. By utilizing existing quantitative datasets from government sources, the research identified trends and relationships between housing costs and local economic performance.
2. Impact of Urbanization on Housing Quality
   This research utilized desk research methods to gather quantitative data from national surveys on housing quality in urban areas. The analysis revealed significant correlations between urbanization rates and housing conditions, highlighting how rapid urban growth affects living standards.
3. Social Housing and Community Well-being
   A study focused on the impact of social housing policies on community well-being used desk research to compile quantitative data from multiple regions. The analysis involved statistical techniques to evaluate the relationship between social housing availability and various indicators of community health and stability.
4. The Role of Housing in Health Outcomes
   This study analyzed existing quantitative datasets to explore the relationship between housing conditions (e.g., overcrowding, quality) and health outcomes in urban populations. The desk research approach allowed for a broad analysis of correlations across different demographics, emphasizing the importance of stable housing for public health.
5. Trends in Rental Markets Post-COVID-19
   This research project examined changes in rental markets following the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing desk research to gather quantitative data from real estate databases. The analysis identified shifts in rental prices and demand across various regions, providing insights into how the pandemic has reshaped housing dynamics.

These studies illustrate how desk research combined with quantitative data analysis can yield valuable insights into various aspects of Housing Studies, including affordability, quality, policy impacts, health outcomes, and market trends."

Reference: a collection of blog notes on using chatgpt for research purpose.

Some examples of quantitative research methods usage from the academic literature in Accounting and Finance

Some examples of quantitative research methods usage from the academic literature in Accounting and Finance [information from perplexity.ai]

My question 1: "Could you give me five examples of study that use hypothesis testing and correlation analysis from academic journal articles related to the field of Accounting and Finance published within the last 5 years?"

The reply: "Here are five examples of studies that utilize hypothesis testing and correlation analysis from academic journal articles in the field of Accounting and Finance, published within the last five years:

1. Correlation Risk in the Context of Market Turbulences

• Authors: Not specified in the summary.
• Published In: Not specified in the summary.
• Summary: This study analyzes how correlation is affected by volatility, directionality, and autocorrelation during market crises, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It emphasizes the importance of understanding changing correlations for effective risk management in banks, proposing that stress tests should incorporate varying correlation levels as inputs to assess bank viability effectively
  1
  .

2. Interval-Based Hypothesis Testing and Its Applications to Economics and Finance

• Authors: Kim, J.H., & Robinson, A.P.
• Published In: Econometrics, 2019.
• Summary: This paper reviews interval-based hypothesis testing methods and their applications in finance. It discusses various tests such as minimum-effect, equivalence, and non-inferiority tests, along with empirical applications relevant to asset pricing models and time series persistence. The study highlights how these methods can enhance statistical inference in financial research
  2
  .

3. Positive Correlation between Accounting Information System and Organization's Performance

• Authors: Not specified in the summary.
• Published In: Not specified in the summary.
• Summary: This literature review examines the positive correlation between accounting information systems (AIS) and organizational performance. The study posits several hypotheses regarding how AIS contributes to effective internal control systems and overall performance improvements within organizations
  3
  .

4. The Effect of Financial Statement Readability on Audit Report Quality

• Authors: Not specified in the summary.
• Published In: Not specified in the summary.
• Summary: This research investigates the relationship between the readability of financial statements and audit report quality. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation, suggesting that clearer financial statements lead to more comprehensible audit reports, which could impact stakeholder decision-making
  5
  .

5. The Beneficial Learning Effects of Combining a Hypothesis-Testing Mindset with Causal Models

• Authors: Not specified in the summary.
• Published In: The Accounting Review, 2022.
• Summary: This experimental study explores how providing an accurate causal model affects managerial learning when combined with a hypothesis-testing mindset (HTM). Results indicate that while an accurate model enhances learning, inaccuracies can hinder it unless mitigated by encouraging HTM. This research underscores the importance of adaptive learning strategies in managerial contexts
  6
  .

These studies illustrate diverse applications of hypothesis testing and correlation analysis within accounting and finance research, contributing valuable insights into risk management, performance evaluation, and decision-making processes."

My question 2: "Could you give me five examples of study that use desk research and quantitative data analysis from academic journal articles related to the field of Accounting and Finance published within the last 5 years?"

The reply: "Here are five examples of studies that utilize desk research and quantitative data analysis from academic journal articles in the field of Accounting and Finance, published within the last five years:

1. Quantitative Evaluation of Science and Technology Financial Policies

• Authors: Not specified.
• Published In: PMC (2024).
• Summary: This study analyzes 16 financial policy documents issued by the Chinese government from 2016 to 2022. It employs text and content analysis to extract keyword frequencies, constructing primary and secondary variables for quantitative evaluation. The research establishes a PMC-AE index model to assess the effectiveness of these policies, providing insights into their impact on economic development and policy execution efficiency 
  1
  .

2. Determinants of the Use of Financial Technology (Fintech)

• Authors: Not specified.
• Published In: Redalyc (2023).
• Summary: This research investigates factors influencing Generation Y's use of fintech services. Utilizing quantitative data analysis, it assesses behaviors related to internet banking, mobile transactions, and e-payment services, highlighting trends in convenience, speed, and privacy concerns among users 
  4
  .

3. Corporate-Level Evaluation of Decentralization in IFAD

• Authors: Not specified.
• Published In: IFAD Evaluation Report (2023).
• Summary: This evaluation report employs a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the impact of decentralization on organizational efficiency within IFAD. It includes a quantitative analysis of project effectiveness and financial management, addressing challenges faced during implementation and providing robust recommendations based on the findings 
  2
  .

4. Analysis of Financial Statement Readability and Audit Quality

• Authors: Not specified.
• Published In: Journal of Accounting Research (2022).
• Summary: This study quantitatively examines the correlation between the readability of financial statements and the quality of audit reports. It utilizes statistical methods to analyze data from various firms, concluding that clearer financial disclosures lead to higher quality audits, which can influence stakeholder decisions.

5. The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance

• Authors: Not specified.
• Published In: International Journal of Accounting & Information Management (2021).
• Summary: This research uses quantitative data analysis to explore how different corporate governance structures affect financial performance across various industries. The study employs regression analysis on financial data collected from multiple firms to identify significant relationships between governance practices and performance metrics.

These studies exemplify the application of desk research combined with quantitative data analysis in addressing various issues within accounting and finance, offering valuable insights into policy effectiveness, technology adoption, organizational efficiency, audit quality, and governance impacts."

Reference: a collection of blog notes on using chatgpt for research purpose.